Friend Of My Youth Conflicting Perspectives Between...

Friend of My Youth: Conflicting Perspectives between Relationships The age gap between generations can alter the perspectives in which one understands certain situations. In Alice Monro’s short fictional story Friend of My Youth the female characters have an important role in displaying the central theme of the story. It also presents different perspectives on life and its outcomes. The point of view displayed in the story is first person, specifically the daughter’s perspective. This tactic chosen by Monro gives a unique standpoint within the story, and portrays the conflict of interest between the narrator and the mother. It also converts to third person to create character development midway through the story; there is another conflict†¦show more content†¦A certain image, scent or sound can bring back moments that may have been forgotten. The speaker is astonished by the dreams she has of her mother. Her mother died very ill, the person who she was when she died was merely a shell of who she truly was. She describes her as â€Å"so much better than I remembered.† (Monro, 151). At the end of her mother’s life she could not hear her voice. She remembers her â€Å"mother’s liveliness of face and voice before her throat muscles stiffened [as] a woeful, impersonal mask fastened itself over her features.† (Monro, 151) In her dreams she was able to hear her mother’s voice again, opposed to the reality before her death. A mother’s voice is beautiful, and there is no other sound that compare to something as unique. Elliot writes â€Å"The unconscious sifts through memory, and then offers up details either strangely distorted or implausibly combined. As in art, as in story, dreams too, render experience metonymically.† (Elliot, 79). With time memories inevitably fade, but the dreams bring a sense of comfort and replenish the image of her mother. â€Å"How could I have forgotten this?† (Mon ro, 151). Heller writes that this scene â€Å"serves as a springboard from which the narrator launches into a story being told by her mother.† (Heller, 1). This scene leads us to the central conflict in the story of her mother’s life, and assists in understanding the conflictShow MoreRelatedAnalysis : Mutters Schuhe By Nina Roder1679 Words   |  7 PagesThey drive a person forward in current judgments and effects relationships with those surrounding. However, as time progresses memories alter. Either details are forgotten or translated differently than their original happening; memories are subjected to distortion. Consequently, the revision in which people remember recollections of their life’s history can influence the interpretation and their retellings. The correspondence between time and memories is often overlooked as parallel, but the interlockingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Bless Me Ultima1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthis novel Bless Me Ultima B: Rod olfo Anaya Antonio is gradually tormented by his conflicting ideals directly caused by the deaths of three figures. Each death has Antonio slowly falling more into a abyss of inquisition rocking the foundation of everything he ever believed about religion up to that point. In the beginning of the novel Antonio witnesses death that raises the question for Antonio about Gods balance between morality and justice. This event has a much larger significance than at first glanceRead MoreThe Stereotypes Associated With East Asian American Youths1939 Words   |  8 PagesThe stereotypes associated with East Asian American youths generally include proficiency in mathematics, piano lessons, or lack of social skills. However, the reality of East Asian American youths differs depending on experience and cultural upbringing. The large influx of East Asians emigrating from their land of birth to countries such as the United States, Canada, and France (to mention a few) have changed the facet of society in terms of multiculturalism and diversity. From result of immigrationRead MoreBig Fish: Edward Blooms Failure as a Father1490 Words   |  6 PagesBig Fish: Edward Bloom’s Failure as a Father Creating and overseeing a decent family relationship between a parent and their children is not simple. It is the parent’s responsibility to ensure that their children grow up in a nurturing environment. Daniel Wallace’s Big Fish explores the mythical life of Edward Bloom, a great man who lacks the realistic element of sharing his history and inner thoughts. He also has an egocentric personality which urges him to pursue his dreams instead of family;Read MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By Wright Mills1816 Words   |  8 Pagescontribute to society throughout the course of history. This not only helps map archaic and contemporary configurations of existence, but its cyclical pattern allows us to envisage the possible futures open to us. Those who apply the sociological perspective are to practice a beginners mind: to rescind themselves from penchants and biases when assessing other denizens in their environment to see everything from a bird’s-eye view. Mills b elieved that it is a challenge for most people to connect individualismRead MoreKnocked Up Textual Analysis1885 Words   |  8 PagesAurora O’Bryan Prof. Kaufman 11/6/2007 Textual Analysis Knocked Up Intended for the enjoyment of the present-day youth generation, the 2007 comedy film Knocked Up deals with more than just comedic issues. Technically introduced as a romantic comedy, this film serves more to its comedic orientation. With awkward romance and stoner mannerisms, the laughs are plentiful for the intentional audience of Knocked Up. However, as the audience is served its fill of laughter, issues are presented that rarelyRead MoreShakespeare s Hamlet : A Close Look At A Son s Relationship With His Father1885 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet provides a close look at a son’s relationship with his parents, particularly the way a man’s bond with his mother changes after his father dies. Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is haunted by the violence of his father’s death and the unthinking way in which his mother chooses to wed her dead husband’s brother, the new King Claudius. From his first conversation with the ghost of his father, Ham let learns that Claudius murdered his father and he grapples with the consequences ofRead MoreAn Analysis Of John And Sue s Life1769 Words   |  8 PagesThe couple I have described are my parents, and I could go on talking about their early years for hours, because after the first few years, there is little good to be said about their relationship. Often times I ask myself what went wrong in their marriage. I took this opportunity to research a topic I have always been interested in - cohabitation. My goal was to try and discover if this was something that could have impacted the success of my parent’s relationship. THESIS Summary of Readings ResearchRead MoreA Synopsis of the Movie I Not Stupid Too4121 Words   |  17 Pageshumorous and youthful perspective. â€Å"When was the last time someone praised you? When was the last time you praised someone?† – These are the questions posed at the beginning of the film which made me contemplate on myself for a while and somehow gave me a glimpse of what the movie is all about. The film is narrated and seen through the eyes of the eight year old Jerry Yeo; presenting the lives, struggles and adventures of him and his brother Tom Yeo and their friend Chengcai Lim. JerryRead MoreIntergenerational Cultural Dissonance2449 Words   |  10 Pagesfew close friends and the last people expected to be confidants are their parents. As a Filipino-American and a child of immigrant parents, the consequences of my rebellion are much more serious than for a child of American-born parents. My parents raised me as if I was growing up in the Philippines. The values and practices they had were completely different from ones of someone born and raised in the United States. Growing up, I never felt comfortable talking to my parents about my problems,

Essay about Race and the Development of Anthropological...

Race is a social construct that has influence all aspects of the American world view and life. The idea of race was constructed in America to justify slavery of Africans, stealing from and killing Native Americans, and prejudice against immigrants. Boas was took a stand on this subject that was not in line with mainstream perceptions on the subject. Another differing view was Du Bois who had some similarities in view and differences from Boas. Even with their legacies showing that race is not a biological reality, the power and impact of race can still be felt today, even though it is seen as a social construct by anthropologists. Racial categories in America was developed to be used as a sorting device. First in the 17th and 18th†¦show more content†¦In the 19th century scientific racism was developed, in relation to the Civil War. Scientific racism was lead by people like Morton who measured brain cavity in multiple skulls and determined from these measurements not only wh ich skulls were bigger, but also if that meant a person was smart, civilized, and various other traits. These conquered with racial stereotypes, placing whites as the most civilized on top, with blacks and Indians on the bottom (The Stories We Tell). His work convinced many people, including leading scientist who hadnt seen race as biological Louis Agassiz, that race could be proven scientifically (The Stories We Tell). The need for this scientific justification of racism came as a byproduct of the Civil War where slavery was abolished, but racism was still firmly entrenched in peoples mind, this science was a way to legitimize people still clinging to their racist beliefs (Roediger, How Race Survived U.S. History, pp. 101-103). There were also discourses about non-white people, namely immigrants. During the mass migrations after the Civil War, the different immigrant groups including the Irish, Eastern Europeans, and such were discriminated against, through over time these groups b ecame white. For example the Irish were seen as a, threat of racial degeneration in the US population (Roediger, How Race Survived U.S. History, p. 136). One of the most outspoken about this idea was Francis Walker yet as the tide ofShow MoreRelated Anthropology and Gender Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthe discipline of anthropology, it was not until the early 1970’s that the field of anthropology and gender, or feminist anthropology emerged. Sex and gender roles have always been a vital part of any ethnographic study, but the contributors of this theory began to address the androcentric nature of anthropology itself. The substantial gap in information concerning the study of women was perceived as a male bias, a prejudice made more apparent because what little women-centered fieldwork was done receivedRead MoreThe Positivism Criminology s Theory Of Human Evolution944 Words   |  4 Pages The main features are determinisms, which assume that criminal behaviour can be cond itioned by certain factors, not controlled by man. Second is individualism, specifically oriented on offender, not on criminal act itself. In contrary to classic theory, positivism believes that crime committed by human is not the result of decision-making (free will), but combination of different factors, like biology, psychology and sociology. Positivist had significant part in changing Criminal Justice SystemRead MoreThe Father Of American Anthropology906 Words   |  4 Pagesstable third of mankind, all races would be present.† – Franz Boas Franz Boas has been called the â€Å"Father of American Anthropology.† Dr. Boas did not obtain his degree in anthropology, but went on to help create the four fields of anthropology and teach many of the most well-known anthropologists of today. His contributions to the field of cultural anthropology alone are magnificent, Dr. Boas and his students had managed to completely alter how we as a society viewed race and culture. On July 9,Read MoreAnthropologists Should Put More Emphasis On Individual Differences And Meanings That Are Not Shared1257 Words   |  6 Pagesand no science that claims to â€Å"study culture† could be considered a true science if it ignored the building blocks of the subject it is studying. Clifford Geertz shares his views on culture in his essay, â€Å"Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture† (1973), – he views culture in a sort of public act in which people express themselves using various signs and symbols which have suggested cultural meaning – far from an abstract psychological construct. Culture is embodied in the personRead MoreLast Is Hybridization Which Focuses On Interactions Between1515 Words   |  7 PagesLast is hybridization which focuses on interactions between internal and external flows. With this theory, the world becomes more pluralistic and can break borders while producing unique cultural hybrids which combine their elements. They also have the ability to adapt and innovate as there are more global and local flows. Muslim girl scouts are a strong example of hybridization as girl scouts are a part of American institutions, and they are becoming more accepting with including Muslim girls. HybridizationRead Mo reThere Have Been Numerous Historical Evidences Shown About1310 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy is due to many ethnocentric historians and anthropologists attributing the development of the Egyptian civilization to the Caucasian people. Dr. Herbert J. Foster, historian from Staten Island Community College, argues that significant amounts of people inhabiting Egypt were black; they were major contributors to the development of the Egyptian civilization. Dr. Herbert utilizes historical, biblical and anthropological evidences to shed light on the controversies regarding the ethnicity of theRead MoreThe Archaeological Theory Of Practice1451 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Archaeological Theory in Practice textbook, the positive legacies of Culture History are detailed by V. Gordon Childe’s archaeological theory processes. It emphasized that cultural History subdivided historical societies into distinct ethnic and cultural groups by their physical culture, rejecting a comparative method and independent cultural development, with documentation reflecting the development of specific groups have distinctive set of traits unique to each cultural group. It explainedRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel, Diamond Chronicles History1728 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties experienced slower rates of development as they maintained rudimentary lifestyles with simple technologies and social structures. Examining and comparing the varying levels of progress and development achieved by different human societies across the world raises the question of how certain societies developed at a higher rate than others. Jared Diamond, an evolutionary biologist, and William McNeill, a historian, seek to explain this variation in development with each offering different perspectivesRead MoreReview of Conrad Kottaks Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity2863 Words   |  11 Pagesthat the textbooks definitions, structure, and outline are distinctive to modern anthropology as it is practiced in the United States; that many features are notably different in other countries. Though a section at the end discusses the various theories of anthropology within an historical framework, the author spends little time with the history of anthropology itself. As one can see from the books table of contents, modern anthropology is divided into the two primary sub-fields of physical andRead MoreA Study Of Culture And Marvin Harris Cultural Materialism1688 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology as the study of culture is an intricate practice guided by theory to generate explanatory value from encountered societies. This paper will examine two contrasting angles provided by Ruth Benedict’s configurational anthropology in Patterns of Culture and Marvin Harris’ cultural materialism in Cannibals and Kings. Whereas Benedict’s configurational anthropology approaches culture as an expressive art form, Harris’s cultural materialism explains the peculiarities of cultural customs as

Amy Kirby Post Quaker Abolitionist and Feminist

Amy Kirby (1802 - January 29, 1889) grounded her advocacy for womens rights and abolition in her Quaker faith.  Shes not as well-known as other anti-slavery activists, but she was well known in her own time. Early Life Amy Kirby was born in New York to Joseph and Mary Kirby, farmers who were active in the Quaker religious faith. This faith inspired young Amy to trust her inner light. Amys sister, Hannah, had married Isaac Post, a pharmacist, and they moved to another part of New York in 1823. Amy Posts fiance died in 1825, and she moved into Hannahs home to take care of Hannah in her final illness, and the stayed to take care of the widower and her sisters two children.   Marriage Amy and Isaac married in 1829, and Amy had four children in their marriage, the last born in 1847. Amy and Isaac were active in the Hicksite branch of the Quakers, which emphasized inner light, not church authorities, as spiritual authority. The Posts, along with Isaacs sister Sarah, moved in 1836 to Rochester, New York, where they joined a Quaker meeting that sought equal standing for men and women.  Isaac Post opened a pharmacy. Anti-Slavery Work Dissatisfied with her Quaker meeting for not taking a strong enough stand against slavery, Amy Post signed an antislavery petition in 1837, and then with her husband helped found an Anti-Slavery Society locally.  She brought together her antislavery reform work and her religious faith, though the Quaker meeting was skeptical of her worldly involvements. The Posts faced a financial crisis in the 1840s, and after their three year old daughter died painfully, they stopped attending Quaker meetings. (A stepson and son also died before the age of five.) Increasing Commitment to Antislavery Cause Amy Post became more actively involved in antislavery activity, associating with the wing of the movement led by William Lloyd Garrison. She housed visiting speakers on abolition and also hid fugitive slaves. The Posts hosted Frederick Douglass on a trip to Rochester in 1842, and credited their friendship with his later choice to move to Rochester to edit the  North Star,  an abolitionist newspaper. Progressive Quakers and Womens Rights With others including Lucretia Mott and Martha Wright, the Post family helped to form a new progressive Quaker meeting that emphasized gender and equality and accepted worldly activism. Mott, Wright, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton met in July 1848 and put together a call for a womans rights convention.  Amy Post, her stepdaughter Mary, and Frederick Douglass were among those from Rochester who attended the resulting 1848 convention in Seneca Falls.  Amy Post and Mary Post signed the Declaration of Sentiments. Amy Post, Mary Post, and several others then organized a convention two weeks later in Rochester, focused on womens economic rights. The Posts became spiritualists as did many other Quakers and quite a few of the women involved in womens rights. Isaac became famous as a writing medium, channeling the spirits of many famous historical Americans including George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. Harriet Jacobs Amy Post began focusing her efforts again on the abolitionist movement, though remaining connected to womens rights advocacy as well. She met Harriet Jacobs in Rochester, and corresponded with her. She urged Jacobs to put her life story into print. She was among those who attested to the character of Jacobs as she published her autobiography. Scandalizing Behavior Amy Post was among the women who adopted the bloomer costume, and alcohol and tobacco were not permitted in her home.  She and Isaac socialized with friends of color, despite some neighbors being scandalized by such interracial friendship. During and After the Civil War Once the Civil War broke out, Amy Post was among those who worked to keep the Union directed towards the  abolition of slavery. She raised funds for contraband slaves. After the end of the war, she joined the Equal Rights Association and then, when the suffrage movement split, became part of the National Woman Suffrage Association. Later Life In 1872, just months after being widowed, she joined with the many Rochester women including her neighbor Susan B. Anthony who attempted to vote, to try to prove that the Constitution already allowed women to vote. When Post died in Rochester, her funeral was held at the First Unitarian Society.  Her friend Lucy Colman wrote in her honor: Being dead, yet speaketh! Let us listen, my sisters, possibly we may find echo in our own hearts.

The First Christian Books - 577 Words

The First Christian Books The New Testament was first written down and circulated in the form of letters between the various regions that the early Christians had spread to. Paul was instrumental in the first establishment of letter carrying between Jesus disciples and others. It is said that the Church thanks to Pauls escaped slave, Onesimus, preserved Pauls collection of letters. (Houseandhome.org, 2012) It was very common during the Roman Empire to have slaves, and they were often treated as near equals in terms of intellect and importance to the household. The early church was slow to write the New Testament, largely because Jesus had not written down any of his own teachings. Therefore oral accounts had to be collected from all around the world, and recounted in as accurate of a format as possible. The first books were written in Hebrew and Aramaic, although as Christianity spread, Greek played a larger part. Finally, the texts were translated into Latin, about the same time that Christianity was spreadi ng to Rome. The Bible was first organized from Jewish canon, namely in the Torah. This is where thirty different contributors to the Bible are from, with the other ten contributors in the New Testament. The Torah is far older than the New Testament, and is recognized as being Gods will, as opposed to the New Testament which is a collection of opinions on the life of Jesus. Some branches of Christianity believe that the teachings of the New Testament are Gods willShow MoreRelatedAnalysis: How the First Christian Books Were Written Collected and Preserved1321 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of How the First Christian Books Were Written, Collected, and Preserved It is no secret that Scripture was written by Christs disciples but tradition tells us that it is the inspired word of God. Scripture itself has been handed down to us through the centuries by the Christian Church. It was the early Church, founded by Jesus Christ (as the Bible itself illustrates), which first gathered all the books of the Bible and gave its authoritative pronouncement that these books were the inspiredRead MoreThe Rise Of Christianity By Don Nardo1737 Words   |  7 Pageslegal in Rome in 313 AD and the Nicene Creed was created and made the official statement of Christian beliefs in 325 AD. Also the investigation will focus mainly on events taken place in Rome. Unity, or lack thereof, in Christianity, events before and after the creation of the Nicene Creed, and how people first reacted to the Nicene Creed are the areas the investigation will follow. Reading through books and databases will be how research for this investigation will be found and notecards will beRe ad MoreThe Book Christian Mind By Harry Blamires902 Words   |  4 Pagesrefused to believe that Jesus was alive unless he reach out his hand into Jesus’ side (John 20:24-25). I became numb of Christian thinking because I was too obsessed with the tangible reality. Therefore, reading the book â€Å"Christian Mind† by Harry Blamires, opened up my eyes to Christian mind. The first half of the book discusses how â€Å"there is no longer a Christian mind,† and Christians living in the present times accept â€Å"religion, its morality, its worship, its spiritual culture; but he rejects theRead MoreEssay On Christians In A Diverse World1707 Words   |  7 PagesChristians in a Diverse World All throughout this first semester, our core two- hundred class has read and discussed many different ways of life. We have also gone out and experienced these differences and compared them to our own life styles. We as students have explored social and ethical issues as well as, been challenged to keep an open mind about subjects we may or may not agree with. We have also learned more about these issues that make us appreciate our current living conditions in the UnitedRead MoreKnowing God s Will And His Purpose And Plans For Our Lives850 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose and plans for our lives as Christians in today’s society, The book knowing God’s Will is a reflection of our Christian journey for allowing God to use us. As God begins to direct our path daily it will show in our character in our morals, in how we relate to other, in our pray life, a real desire to love all people, our personality will be a representation of the Lord, the way walk is differ ent, the way and talk differently.As I read the book Knowing God’s will, I have gainedRead MoreSummary and Reflection of Mark R McMinns Article Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling1607 Words   |  6 Pagesand Spirituality in Christian Counseling by Mark R. McMinn is a conscious effort to apply all the major elements of Christian faith to the work of counselors. McMinn has created a workable blueprint for Christian counselors by writing at length about Christian faith in and out of the counseling office, psychological health, prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption. In doing so, McMinn has successfully blended modern counseling techniques with Christian life in such a way thatRead MoreGnosticism : A Diverse Set Of Beliefs1153 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowing the religion of the Orthodox Christians. While the Orthodox Christians seek God through his word, the Gnostics seek God through the experience of one’s own self. T he Gnostic Scriptures by Bentley Layton, displays Gnosticism through collections of gnostic scriptures and figures. Through imagery, aeons and the high creator are placed with each other to form realms in â€Å"The Secret Book According to John† reflecting the book of Genesis. â€Å"The Secret Book According to John† is like a backstoryRead MoreA Comparison Of The Tanach And Bible1380 Words   |  6 Pagespractice such as food, interpretation of the commandments and how a Torah is used in a synagogue. STRUCTURE OF EACH CANON The Bible is known as ‘authoritative written source’ (Bowley, 1999) and is a library of 66 books and is made of two parts: Old Testament (39 books) and New Testament (27 books). The Bible was only officially put together around the third century. The Old Testament was written in Hebrew and Aramaic while the New Testament was written in Greek. During the Reformation, scholars wantedRead MoreThe Counsel Of Heaven On Earth Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages倀倀ODUCTION The Counsel of Heaven on Earth is a book written by Ian F. Jones on the topic of Christian counseling. Jones makes sure to let his readers know that this book is not meant to be a guide for Christian counseling; he in no way means to advocate a particular methodology, system, or school of thought. Instead, Jones is â€Å"[trying] to identify and explain the essential features of Biblical Christian counseling. No attempt has been made to engage in formal theory building or to develop systematicallyRead MoreThe Canonical Structure Of The New Testament1679 Words   |  7 Pagescollection of 27 books, which accredits thirteen of them to the Apostle Paul. The writings of Luke, in particular the Acts of the Apostles, can be used as a theological and historical basis, but it presents strong point and restrictions for Pauline interpretation. Primarily, Acts of the Apostles can be used for Pauline interpretation as a theological basis. Discovering the main purpose for Luke to write the book of Acts, gives information about the world that Luke traded with during the books composition

Conscience †personal creative writing Free Essays

He was dressed in a sluggish grey-green coat with dull checks. It reflected his character like a murky pond and the story he was feeding me smelt the same. I didn’t like his attitude. We will write a custom essay sample on Conscience – personal creative writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way he leered at me with his nicotine yellow teeth and thin sharp lips. It made me feel really uncomfortable. Like I shouldn’t be there. I’d forgotten, as usual that I wasn’t invited. I noticed that as he repeated himself his gnarled fingers were ever whitening at the knuckles. His hair was greased back off his face as if he’d put a vat full of chip fat on it. It made him look slimy and manipulating. If he’d been a well dressed man with a polite attitude I would not have given a second thought to his wife’s suicide. The man in front of me was showing no sign of remorse, not even the slightest bit of sadness. The emotions that float in the air catching normal people unawares must either bounce off his highly polished forehead or slide down the nape of his neck. The flat was quite large with a private elevator at the back. A desk sat in the middle of the room. It was an old solid oak desk with two top draws and ink stains on the blotting paper. The worn out typewriter had the last written words of Mrs. Harrison stuck in it and sat there like a smug omen. People from forensics were buzzing about dusting this and bagging up that. They made the place look like an ant colony. It is very distracting to have someone spying for the minutest thing out of the corner of your eye. I went to have a look round myself. All the furniture, as far as I could see was dating back to the late 1930’s yet it was all in impeccable condition. Scattered on the shelves were objects and ornaments the couple had gathered from their short married life. China dogs, vulgar things, cluttered up the iron fire surround. On the mantelpiece slept two speakers, dusty with neglect. Something caught my eye. Two brass bookends. Neither of them particularly aesthetic yet that wasn’t what drew me to them. One was brown with dirt and grime, however the other was clean as the day it as bought. I called over Pete, a friend of mine in the forensics team. We were at college together until I went ‘over to the dark side’ as he would say. Pete is the type of guy you could quite easily fall in love with, if you allow yourself. His hair is tight and curly. The colour of midnight. Granted, his nose may be slightly out of proportion but the ocean blue colour of his eyes! Deep, full with care yet not deep enough to hide his soul. He told me he would take the bookends off for dusting and get back to me. I couldn’t help but stare as he swaggered away in his own original style. The swagger that leaves all girls stranded†¦ Waking my self up I walked back to the beetle red settee where Mr Harrison was lounging. I was sitting on the arm of the chair, trying to spot an intelligent comment from the ones reflected in his mirror forehead. I persuaded him to tell me a bit about his wife appearance. According to him she was of medium height, hourglass figure and full it the face. He got out a photo of her. She was really pretty. Her hair was sandy and fly away with dark brown eyes and full lips. The complete opposite of her husband. That then began to arouse my suspicions of her playing away. I didn’t address this issue straight away; I felt it wasn’t wise but I did ask what the professional relationship was between he and his wife. At this comment his attitude got blacker once more. He spoke bitterly of how she was clever and outgoing. She had been working as his accountant when they met and ‘slowly weaved her way up to the executive managers position’. It was the way he said it that made your blood chill like an ice cube had just been shoved down your back on a freezing winter day. There was certainly some jealousy going on. I could not fathom why a pretty intelligent girl could want to end her life so suddenly and tragically. Couldn’t she have just settled for divorce? Was he threatening her? One thing was for sure; this was no ordinary suicide. I had to find out what really happened earlier that night. I bid good day to Mr Harrison and went to the front elevator. As I waited I tried to heave the sense out of this scene like the heavy contraption heaving itself up to the 18th floor. With the bing of the lift the cold air hit my face once more. The streets of LA are awesome. Especially at night. The rain pattered down as it had been threatening to do all day making the pavement shine like liquid silver. The starlight filled the roadside trees with a magical light like a thousand faeries having a party. A newspaper tickled my feet then went on its way to the next obstacle. Out of the corner of my eye I saw a crumpled heap, slumped in the doorway of a closed down chemists. It was partly illuminated by the street light. The other part shadowy and ghost like yet remarkably there. It churns my heart to see these things. From somewhere in amongst the churning it became clear that this fellow might know something. I strolled over as casually as I could muster in the below zero temperature and crouched down beside him. His face was like a canvas of war; his eyes hollow and lifeless. This guy didn’t have a single dream or hope left to hang on to in the great pendulum of life. He’d let go just waiting for it to hit him on its inevitable return swing. He showed an utter disgust towards me once I’d told him I was a detective. It made my job really hard. I had started off with a gentle motherly tone but I soon lost it to the wind. What is the point in trying to give these people respect if they judge you on face value and smell of dustbins and public toilets. He assured me that he was awake at the time I quoted and heard no scream. I hurried away as quickly as I could leaving him to mutter under his breath. How to cite Conscience – personal creative writing, Papers

Accounting Theory and Current Issue Positive Accounting Demand

Question: Describe about the Accounting Theory and Current Issue for Positive Accounting Demand. Answer: Accounting research has various branches among which positive accounting is the research which deals with events in real world situations and tries to convert them in accounting transactions .Here the variables are selected according to the needs of the individual and a systematic approach i.e. positive accounting approach is followed in solving their queries. This research is in contrast to the normative accounting as this research aims at finding the best optimal methods of accounting that should be ideally executed in different cases. The positive accounting theory has been propounded by Ross L. Watts and Jerold L. Zimmerman from the University of Rochester. It focuses on the actual practices which are applied in the field of accounting. It is a boon for the firms, creditors, debtors and stakeholders. It helps in identifying the steps the accounting firms will take in certain pre determined circumstances and the impact of such steps on its stake holders(Watts and Zimmerman 1978,19 86,1990).But, it has been found that many firms at their management level in an attempt to get the maximum profit follow illegal methods and fails to achieve the intended objectives of the organization which is a drawback, this sometimes leads to the problem of opportunistic behavior. Firms can aim at increasing their profit in the long run by fulfilling the objectives of the positive accounting theory , for that the firm should manage the accounting policies effectively , keeping the knowledge base up to date with latest happenings in the field of accounting and finance. Methods that help in reducing the overall costs of operation should be adopted to increase the profits of the firm. Care should be taken that the accounting methods set up by the accounting board should be sincerely followed in order to reduce the risk factor in accounting decisions in different situations. Moreover, the methods of accounting followed should be flexible in order to modify them according to the situ ations. Different methods of positive accounting research are examined through the study of an assigned article. This paper is a critical analysis of the article titled Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research written by Paul V Dunmore from the University of Massey, Wellington, New Zealand which is mainly centered on the concept of Positive Accounting Theory or PAT(Popper 1959). The paper discusses the importance of positive accounting research and different sections of the paper are results of the scientific projects, which shows the various events in the world are dependent on each other thus setting an example of cause and effect relationship(Kuhn 1970) Similarly, PAT which is a part of accounting research also shows the cause and effect relationship in the accounting practices. This implies that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction and similarly in the case of accounting practice there also exist a cause and effect relationship. By converting the real life situa tions in accounting terms the situations can be understood in a much better manner. The author speaks about the thinking process of the people where he gives an example of the theologians who refused to look through Galileos telescope because they thought most of it was already known and the unexplored part had already been corrupted by the devil spirits. From this, he wants to covey that people want to confine to the knowledge about the worldly things they already have and do not want to enhance and open their minds to the new research and thus resulting in the backdrop of the enhancements in the field of knowledge(Fogarty and Markarian,2007).The author explains how the investment decisions have improved over the decade using the positive accounting research technique and also the stakeholders are able to understand the terminology related to the accounting results of the firms. The author also makes it clear that the concept of positive research is much broader than the term Posit ive Accounting Theory as proposed by Watts and Zimmerman. He also discusses that following predetermined patterns is also necessary as our ancestors did but departing from them is equally important to see new opportunities which may result in the further developments. As we are well aware of every opportunity there is an equal probability of its success and failure thus its the human behavior which can be the deciding factor in such situations(Watts and Zimmerman 1978,1986,1990). According to the author, most of the researchers are using qualitative and quantitative approach in their research work but author suggests Poppers criterion. This criterion is widely accepted as it it follows certain steps and goes through a systematic approach. It emphasis on the qualitative and quantitative approach.The process involves careful observation and then the development of ideas on a preliminary basis. Here the variables are selected data is arranged , tables are made. The next important step is to follow the falsification theory. According to this theory a formal data is collected on the basis of evidence available and testing is done to find out in which situations the theory is a success and where it fails. It is highly recommended to use this technique as this gives many precise results. The author also supports the falsification of theory by giving the examples of Pioneer 10 and 11 aircraft which were launched in the 1970s and these were the first to cross our sola r system and enter the interstellar space(Popper 1959) Years of observations of the above aircrafts it has been found that they have made lesser journey as predicted which shows the lacking of the precisely and accurate information at that time. The author also comments that the theories should be made more precise such that each and every aspect of it is clear so that the final results are functional in nature, hence avoiding the weakness of the statistical hypothesis testing method, according to which the testing of the data is done only on statistics figure not on the practical data . The author has laid down certain points to be kept in mind for the success of the positive research method . Firstly we should follow the testing of models theoretically and as accurately as possible and we can even go further and use the specialized analytical modeling technique to enhance the success rate of our model and if any error occurs we must make sure to overcome it in the next turn. Once the modelling is done then using quantitative and qualitative methods we can put it under testing. He explains the development of the model through the example of audit fees model developed in another recent article. The author has a view point that methods of accounting should be valid and follow viable rules thus he believes more in measurement of concepts through precise methods rather than just testing as this area is generally ignored in the process of accounting research(Davila and Foster, 2007). There is always a shortage of data in the making of a good accounting theory which the a uthor proves by quoting an example of Mendeleevs triads rule where in spite of having insufficient data he made the first periodic table and later studies and researches helped in modifying his concept and we got our new periodic table, also there should be continuous replication of the previous studies that are conducted. This helps in finding any limitations in the results and if any sampling error is there in the findings which can be corrected at a later stage. All these methods when adopted helps in overcoming the previous mistakes and performing better in further research operations(Crombie,1994). Positive accounting technique is a wide concept and its use in the real world situations is far different from the way it should have been actually practiced this has been confirmed by a survey showing a wide gap in the theoretical and practical application of the Positive accounting theory technique. It is still not associated with the practical situations in life as a result of which desired outcomes are not achieved. The observation may not be 100% correct and may have many misconceptions(DeAngelo, 1981). However, even these observations help in building a cause and effect relationship and in clearly mapping all the casual processes that are occurring in the world. So to reduce the error rate and get the precise results it is a necessity to link the situations to accounting terms and then get the accurate results. The author makes an important point that the accounting research that is done nowadays is not up to the standards and has suggested newer and better approach get the desired and more precise results in the field of accounting. The author says that better qualitative and quantitative methods should be developed and executed and emphasis should be put on the correct testing of the theoretical information and using the advantages of analytical modeling better models should be made(Lee,1997)There is also a requirement for better measurement so that the models are capable enough to be rigorously tested. Even the human behavior is highly unpredictable and these positive accounting techniques can prove to be a boon in understanding the human needs and behavior. As describe earlier all the real world situations can be described in the positive accounting terms by developing a cause and effect relationship. The different variables of the cause and effect relationship need to be properly studi ed and different real life situations can be converted In accounting transactions which can be later solved by positive accounting approach. However, positive accounting research in the broader perspective can be considered to be a part of a wider intellectual project of scientific research which intends to clearly examine the cause and effect relationships between various variables. But the main thing is these variables are not constant or fixed they change according to the needs of the people so need to be carefully selected and used in the testing of the data. All of the scientific projects are related to the real world situations and the research on them shows that all have cause and effect relationship(Fukuyama,1995). The article by the author is of high importance as it signifies the importance and necessity of the positive accounting approach in our life and how one can relate ones life situations to accounting and express them more efficiently(Gibbins). The author has studied thoroughly the work of other scholars and examined their approach of research and has found out some of the remarkable findings in their work. He also acknowledges the work of each and every scholar. He clearly states both the negative and positive aspects of each and every method that he mentions in his article. The author also identifies various limitations associated with various positive accounting researches and suggests various methods to overcome these limitations. The detailed explanation by the author of various concepts related to positive accounting research and its applications in the real life situations is of much importance for all those who are not very much familiar with the topic. The author has also incl uded various real life examples in the article so as to make it much more practical and easy to understand. The emphasis on correlating the accounting terms with the different situations and fixing parameters according to the situations is a huge success. Moreover, qualitative analysis of the data and testing of the data on simulators is an added advantage(Schulz and Cheng,2002) The findings of the research are very clear and are capable enough to be implemented in the real life situations while undergoing various accounting researches. This approach helps in explaining the real life circumstances in accounting terminology making it more easy to understand in a practical way. The aim behind this critique is to examine the various methods of positive accounting research through the study of an assigned article and understanding the need of this approach in todays fast paced life. 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